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Java Programming Sun Microsystems Software Linux

Linux 'Awfully Cathedral-Like' - Java's a Bazaar 297

jg21 writes "LinuxWorld draws attention to a curious use of ESR's The Cathedral and the Bazaar by the Sun Microsystems exec who currently talks about Linux more than he does even about Java. Apparently Sun's President and COO Jonathan Schwartz said at a press briefing last week that Java with its JCP is more like ESR's Bazaar than Linux, which he dismissed as being "awfully cathedral-like" since Linus is the final arbiter (or Great Dictator), and not a committee." But be sure you don't mis-use the word Java in this Bazaar or the Mall Police will totally get you.
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Linux 'Awfully Cathedral-Like' - Java's a Bazaar

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  • I agree (Score:4, Funny)

    by JeanBaptiste ( 537955 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:47AM (#10887834)
    Linux is holy and Java is bizarre.
  • by Seth Finklestein ( 582901 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:48AM (#10887841) Journal
    Sun is completely lacking in clue here, as always.

    Sun, of course, feels heavily threatened by Linux and is merely spreading FUD in order to cement Sun's (TINY) market share and bolster Sun's (TINY) share price.

    I have been an active member of the Linux community since its inception and we have been exorbitantly friendly to new users and developers. Sun, by contrast, makes you sign restrictive participatory agreements and agree to non-Free licences for community-owned code.

    Sun is dead. Long live Linux.
    • by Anonymous Coward on Monday November 22, 2004 @01:10PM (#10889825)
      Thank you for using bold because I otherwise couldn't read your insightful commentary.
    • by Anonymous Coward
      You may have been friendly and I'm thankful for that. But as some of the other posters have indicated the typical attitude has been anything but friendly ... it's been downright hostile.

      I've been a software engineer for over 15 years and used lots of technologies, but when it comes to any linux forum I have personally called every dirty name in the book, and I hardly think I or anyone else deserve that.

      I can't being to tell you how many times I have been told to "look it up", RTFM, Google-It, or anything
  • Um... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by NoMoreNicksLeft ( 516230 ) <john.oyler@noSpAm.comcast.net> on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:48AM (#10887844) Journal
    Windows is awfully cathedral like, because what Bill or Balmer says goes, and that's the only version of windows I'm ever likely to see.

    Linux on the other hand, I can muck around in the code myself however I like. I can include other people's patches that Linus *does not* approve, or I can even change it myself (though between you and me, don't expect it to do a damn thing other than crash).

    How is that cathedral like?

    And how is java superior in any significant way?
    • Re:Um... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by garcia ( 6573 ) * on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:53AM (#10887902)
      Linux on the other hand, I can muck around in the code myself however I like. I can include other people's patches that Linus *does not* approve, or I can even change it myself (though between you and me, don't expect it to do a damn thing other than crash).

      Exactly. If Linus' version (for whatever reason) became so outdated and unnecessary anyone else could fork it off (from any point) and maintain it however they wanted.

      If someone thinks that a panel of people is so much better at making descisions for the future of "Linux" so be it. Enjoy maintaining the kernel. Honestly, Linux has been doing amazingly well with Linus at the wheel and I really can't see it changing anytime soon.

      Yeah, there's tiffs here and there about what gets put in and what doesn't but it's his fork and he can maintain it however he wants.
      • Re:Um... (Score:4, Informative)

        by kfg ( 145172 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:01AM (#10887960)
        . . .anyone else could fork it off (from any point) and maintain it however they wanted.

        More to the point many do, including major distros.

        The whole idea that Linus dictates what goes in the kernel is utter bollocks, whereas Sun is infamous for maintaining the "true vision" and "purity" of Java.

        Isn't their very argument against open sourcing Java that what happens to Linux would happen to it?

        KFG
        • Re:Um... (Score:5, Insightful)

          by meatspray ( 59961 ) * on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:23AM (#10888155) Homepage
          There is a point to maintaining pruity in your programming language. For example, we have an application at work that some knuckleheads in New York wrote against Microsoft Java about 2 years ago. Now the thing doesn't work with Sun Java, doesn't work with IBM Java and it doesn't even work with the new Microsoft Java. I'm forced to uninstall java on every machine in my location and install a 2 yr old M$ build.

          Linux works without purity because it's not designed to be pure. It's designed to be taken apart and reoutfittied as necessary.

          The whole comparison thing is Apples to Oranges.
          • Re:Um... (Score:5, Informative)

            by B'Trey ( 111263 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:13AM (#10888607)
            There's actually two separate issues being discussed here. One is control over the reference. One is control over the implementation. Sun maintains control over the Java language reference. That's why they sued MS - because they extended the language in such a way that it broke things. Sun doesn't maintain control over all of the implementations. That's why you can get a Sun run time and an IBM run time and a GNU run time and an MS run time ...

            Sun could turn the standard over to an independent committee. They don't want to do that. You can argue the merits (or lack thereof) of their position but that's a different conversation and isn't comparable to Linus' control of the kernel (which is arguably an implementation of the POSIX standard.)

            • Re:Um... (Score:5, Informative)

              by JamieF ( 16832 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @12:24PM (#10889326) Homepage
              Microsoft removed RMI from their JVM (available as a separate download) which is what Sun used against them specifically. Extensions are allowed. For example Apple's JVM has extensions, but they don't get sued b/c they also implement the entire J2SE specification. Sun's interest is in having 100% Pure Java apps work everywhere, and Microsoft broke that by implementing a subset of the Java platform.

              Also, the GNU Java runtime is doomed because of Sun patents on technologies in the J2SE specification. Read about the GNU Classpath project and Kaffe and you'll find that although they have made great progress, keeping up in the future is hindered by patent encumbrances. J2SE is not free and cannot be free for this reason.

              Sun used to espouse "open" meaning proprietary implementations of an open standard, competing on quality (and presumably, extensions beyond the standard). That's a decent approach, but not viable if the "open" standard really has patents attached that cause clean-room implementations to be subject to patent infringement lawsuits.
            • by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) * on Monday November 22, 2004 @03:02PM (#10890847)
              Sun could turn the standard over to an independent committee. They don't want to do that. You can argue the merits (or lack thereof) of their position but that's a different conversation and isn't comparable to Linus' control of the kernel (which is arguably an implementation of the POSIX standard.)

              For the billionth time, Java IS run by a standards body - the JCP. Sun has a vote on future changes to Java, just like many other companies - such as IBM. JSR's are as valid a standard as anything POSIX.

              Do you think IBM (or other companies) would have got so on board with Java if the process for changing the language was not open?
          • I tend to think not. "There's more than one way to do it" is a phrase I associate with the Perl language--probably the best example of an open development process applied to language development. I don't recall Larry Wall micro-managing the process, enforcing special licensing requirements on developers of Perl programming tools or sending nasty-grams to developers for using the name "Perl" in a project title.

            By and large, the source for Perl and its libraries is wide open (I believe the "artistic licens
    • Re:Um... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by vidarh ( 309115 ) <vidar@hokstad.com> on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:01AM (#10887961) Homepage Journal
      Not to mention that hardly any distribution uses unmodified kernels from Linus, and that half a dozen (or more) people maintain separate kernel trees that often end up carrying specific features for ages without getting them into the mainline kernel.

      The Linux kernel is extremely fragmented, and the only reason Linus' kernel remain relevant is because he's shown himself to be pragmatic enough about what he'll include that people find it worthwhile trying to sync with him where possible.

      How it could be more Bazaar like is beyond me - various strains survive purely based on merit, and features appear or disappear based on what gets popular or what doesn't get any traction. At any point there can be a total chaos of available versions solving any number of different problems.

      Linus just happens to keep being that guy that built a name by being the original author, and keep his reputation by getting his version good enough for enough people to keep the "customers" coming. If he starts screwing up, someone else will take all his "business" and he'll end up being ignored. At the same time there keeps being enough niches for tons of other versions, because not everyone has the same goals.

      Contrast that to Java, where no matter what happens, Sun is the final arbiter.

      • Re:Um... (Score:5, Insightful)

        by arose ( 644256 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:07AM (#10888542)
        In short there's a big bazaar around Linus cathedral, and the cathedral is open to visitors to talk with the high priest.
        • Re:Um... (Score:3, Interesting)

          by _Sprocket_ ( 42527 )
          I'm not entirely sure it's a Linus cathedral at all. The cathedral metaphor has to do with being a sole source and authority over something.

          It's more like Linus has a stall in the same bazaar as everyone else. Linus' stall may be very popular, but it is far from the only stall that offers Linux in the bazaar.

          Conversely, just because you have a different version of Linux, doesn't mean all other stalls in the bazaar must now carry your version. You compete with all the other stalls. If what you offer is
    • Re:Um... (Score:5, Funny)

      by koi88 ( 640490 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:02AM (#10887973)

      Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!
      I tell you cathedral. Profane activities with holy Linux kernel will be prosecuted.
    • Re:Um... (Score:3, Insightful)

      by shird ( 566377 )
      Except do you think one man (ie Bill G) is the only one who decides what goes in or out?

      They have huge numbers of developers, testers, researchers etc to decide what should go in and how. The colour of the taskbar in Windows wasnt just randomly picked by Bill "hmm, lets make it blue", they would have had researchers and testers etc to decide what it should be. The same goes with every little detail in Windows. Its not based on what some guy think would be best, but typically by what the research shows woul
      • Re:Um... (Score:5, Funny)

        by killmenow ( 184444 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:42AM (#10888303)
        So, there is a committee deciding what should go into Windows...
        Yes, and it's called "The Marketing Department."
      • Re:Um... (Score:3, Insightful)

        by abe ferlman ( 205607 )
        You're missing the point. Bill G's minions are like priests of some secret sect who won't let you into the secret chamber where the sacred texts lie. Linus is the best merchant in the bazaar, so people "buy" from him. Bill G is the grand inquisitor and the sacred texts are updated at his whim, albeit with the input of his secret priests.

        The presence of a multitude of competitors building on the same code keeps Linus honest and forces him to get by on his merit rather than on his appointment as Archbisho
    • by tentimestwenty ( 693290 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:19AM (#10888116)
      Give me a cathedral over a bazaar any day. I can't think of a better situation than having a thoughtful, intelligent leader who considers all the input of the group and then makes moderate suggestions of what should be implemented. Linus is at the top because he's proven that he can make great decisions for such a large project. If he was ever to lose his naturally good judgement, he wouldn't be able to influence the multitudes of developers anyway. I count us as lucky to have him as long as he's willing to help.
    • by PodBayDoor ( 831711 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:26AM (#10888182) Homepage
      You can also obtain and modify Java's code as you wish (see http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp [sun.com]) but you can only *distribute* your modifications for the purpose of "research" (so not as part of a commercial product for example).

      Java is "bazaar"-like because the JCP provides a mechanism for groups and individuals to create proposals to evolve or extend Java which are ratified by a committe (again of groups and individuals, essentially chosen in a meritocratic manner). This could be compared with Mozilla's team of super-reviewers.

      Jonathan's point is that Linux (the kernel) is cathedral-like because decisions about changes to the kernel are made exclusively by Linus Torvalds.

      Java has open processes for becoming a member of the change committee (see http://www.jcp.org/en/participation/membership [jcp.org]) and for submitting proposals (see http://www.jcp.org/en/procedures/jcp2#1 [jcp.org]).

      "Linux" in the broadest sense (see http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/ColmSmyth/2004111 6#linux_is_an_open_source [sun.com]) has aspects of both the cathedral and the bazaar.

      I really find Eric Raymond's seminal CATB article (see http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar /cathedral-bazaar/index.html [catb.org]) to be an essential read, but it's terminology is IMHO too obscure to be used effectively in discussions like this; I find well-known terms like "dictatorship" (Linux kernel), "meritocracy" (Mozilla.org, "Individual Expert"s on the Java JCP Committee) and "feudal" (GNOME.org) are clearer.

      http://blogs.sun.com/ColmSmyth/ [sun.com]
      • by killmenow ( 184444 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:51AM (#10888387)
        Jonathan's point is that Linux (the kernel) is cathedral-like because decisions about changes to the kernel are made exclusively by Linus Torvalds.
        This is not true. Linus is a final arbiter. The decisions are not made exclusively by him. Linux kernel maintenance is more a meritocracy than a dictatorship. Kernel sub-system maintainers are where they are because there past performance earned them their position. They have say over their sub-system. They accept patches from further downlevel contributors and I'm quite sure Linus' approval is not required on every patch or kernel update no matter how trivial.

        Linus' decision-making becomes the focus when there is a "tie" (for lack of a better word) between competing visions. And so what if it is? I know many people who run -ac kernels exclusively. And it's still Linux.
      • You can also obtain and modify Java's code as you wish (see http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp) but you can only *distribute* your modifications for the purpose of "research" (so not as part of a commercial product for example).

        What good does it do me or say a company to take time to learn the large Java code base and then to only be able to use it for "research"? With Linux I can submit a patch. That patch is usually reviewed and accepted by a subsystem maintainer, not Linus. If Linus thinks

      • by jonabbey ( 2498 ) * <jonabbey@ganymeta.org> on Monday November 22, 2004 @12:46PM (#10889582) Homepage

        This is asinine. I know Jonathan was very precise in his language, being careful to circumscribe his 'cathedral' comments to the kernel.org official version of Linux, but there is so much work that's going on in Linux all around those versions, it makes his comment deceptive in view of the larger picture.

        How many versions are there of the Linux kernel in use? Thousands, I'm sure. I've personally produced a handful of them (integrating Snare into several Red Hat kernels). How many distinguishable versions of Java are there out there? A few dozen?

        Linux is canonically a bazaar, because everyone has the right to produce their own variant for their own needs. The fact that the code is GPL'ed means that the mainline kernel (that mythical 'cathedral' led by Linus Torvalds) can adopt the changes if they are well implemented and suitable for ubiquitization, and that those folks producing the variants can incorporate anything from the Linus-blessed kernel.

        Hey, I like Java just fine. I've spent years producing free software on top of it, and I'm duly appreciative, but I don't pretend that Java is anywhere near as much a Bazaar as Linux is. If it were, there are a whole bunch of bugs on the Java Bug Database that would not have lingered for the last seven years, I can assure you.

    • Re:Um... (Score:2, Interesting)

      by mkettler ( 6309 )
      It's vaguely, and I do mean vaguely, Cathedral like because of it's development model.

      However, I would still suggest that Linux is very much a Bazaar, but there are other projects which are even more so.

      This really is a question of development model, not of Freedom however. And yes, Certainly windows is the ultimate closed-source Cathedral. But this is not about Windows.

      Linux is kind of an "open monarchy", instead of an "open democracy" or "Open committee" that some OSS projects use.

      On the other hand, I
    • popery (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Doc Ruby ( 173196 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:46AM (#10888344) Homepage Journal
      Schwartz is referring not so much to Linux the kernel, but Linux the OS that is installed in corporate computers - against which he actually competes. That means Red Hat, SuSE, and even other smaller distros, from MontaVista to JoesGarageLinux.com - Sun competes against Linux distros that have passed through Linus' compiler, because that's what corporations install. From that point of view, there is no bazaar, because Sun's corporate customers require the validation by Linus, backed up by each other's use/testing of it. The corporate cult of "me, too" is propped up by such crossreference. So Schwartz is disingenuous in his comparison, because the code Linus validates is collected from a widely distributed community, without Linus dictating priorities and policies. It's a cathedral erected inside a bazaar, with no doors in the doorways, and a loudspeaker preaching the gospel.

      Personally, I don't like the idea that all of Linux depends on Linus. What if he gets hit by a bus (driven by a recently "retired" Microserf)? But the chaos ensuing from a disappearing Linus would resolve quickly, though possibly in a Great Schism with multiple inheriting popes across the Net, like *BSD. Time for a new paradigm to overextend, Jonathan.
      • Re:popery (Score:3, Informative)

        by PitaBred ( 632671 )
        They actually pass through Redhat and SuSE's compilers. Not Linus'. Most of the mainstream distros have custom kernel patches and the like that aren't in Linus' vanilla kernel. It is still very much so a bazaar. Linus maintains a 'reference' version, and other people tweak with it as they see fit.
    • If Microsoft so wants to destroy Linux, why not hire a few dozen developers, create a fork of Linux that is incompatible with Linus' but includes more desireable (likely patented) features than Linus'? They could basically take control of Linux.
  • Linux? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ites ( 600337 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:48AM (#10887848) Journal
    Presumably this refers to the kernel itself and not the horde (hoard?) of packages and applications that sit around it.

    "Linux" as most people understand the term is the 2-5 CDs full of software that makes a PC do interesting things.

    And it's about as bazaar as it can be.
  • by jokumuu ( 831894 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:49AM (#10887868)
    It seems to me that using generalisations on what development leadership strategy is best is wrong. I mean, look at the totally different method Linux has compared to Apache compared to any other successfull project. The deciding factor for success for each of these very different strategies is in how well it fits the people involved and how well it gets the best results through. One size does definitely not fit all.
  • by hanssprudel ( 323035 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:51AM (#10887880)

    Cmdr Taco's homepage was just Slashdotted! There is justice in the world!
  • by YetAnotherName ( 168064 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:51AM (#10887881) Homepage
    ... and I can definitely affirm that Java is bizarre. B-dum-chee! Thank you! Tip your waiters!

    Seriously, Schwartz's bias is clear. The Java Community Process which involves committees of experts and interested parties does indeed yield enhancements to the Java API that are nicely featured and well thought out. But getting on those committees in the first place requires surmounting quite a hurdle. And in the end, Sun itself remains every bit as much a "final arbiter" to the core in which any enhancement runs, the virtual machine.
  • Bullshit (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:51AM (#10887885)

    Anybody can fork the kernel. Most distributions do. Multiple threads of development happening independently versus everything having to go through a single party is what characterises the bazaar as separate from the cathedral, and this means that Linux is the epitome of the bazaar development process.

  • by Otter ( 3800 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:53AM (#10887895) Journal
    Pretty soon, Jonathan Schwartz is going to be taking over the "Plays the Rabid Linux Media Like a Violin" title from Darl McBride.
  • Bazaar... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by mistersooreams ( 811324 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:53AM (#10887897) Homepage

    I don't think that the original idea of the "bazaar" development model was "everyone does whatever the hell they want". You need someone at the top of the tree to decide what stays and what goes. The fact that this is a person and not a number of people is just a coincidence of the way that Linux has emerged, and doesn't represent a large divergence from the bazaar model.

    In short: Shut up Schwarz.

    • Re:Bazaar... (Score:5, Informative)

      by rdc_uk ( 792215 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:21AM (#10888130)
      What I took away from the article (C vs B) was that in the Bazaar everyone WAS free to do what the hell they wanted, but that a process of pseudo natural-selection would starve out weak/crap work; either through not ever being used, or through not getting developent time.

      This would not particularly require a single decision making point (individual or comittee), just time and community consensus.

      That aside, I don't think the Bazaar was ever meant to apply to the _kernel_ but to the Linux / other OSS system as a whole.

      Filesystems would, to my mind be the ideal example:

      Cathedral(Windows); which version of OUR proprietary FS would you like?

      Bazaar (Linux); which of these basically unrelated systems would you like?
  • Stop the PRESS! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by grasshoppa ( 657393 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @09:59AM (#10887948) Homepage
    Someone saying something "bad" about their competition!

    In other news, MS claims use of Linux violates 1m of their patents and has been known in the state of california to cause cancer.
  • by benja ( 623818 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:04AM (#10887998)
    Quoting ESR's paper:
    Linus Torvalds's style of development?release early and often, delegate everything you can, be open to the point of promiscuity?came as a surprise. No quiet, reverent cathedral-building here?rather, the Linux community seemed to resemble a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches (aptly symbolized by the Linux archive sites, who'd take submissions from anyone) out of which a coherent and stable system could seemingly emerge only by a succession of miracles.

    The fact that this bazaar style seemed to work, and work well, came as a distinct shock. As I learned my way around, I worked hard not just at individual projects, but also at trying to understand why the Linux world not only didn't fly apart in confusion but seemed to go from strength to strength at a speed barely imaginable to cathedral-builders.

    That has nothing to do with how Jonathan now uses the word. The JCP is not "release early, release often." And it may have different agendas and approaches, but the coherent and stable system certainly doesn't emerge by a succession of miracles -- it emerges by a very clearly defined process (no matter whether that is good or bad, it's not bazaar-style).

    The cathedral means developing inside a small circle and releasing only in great intervals. The bazaar means releasing all the time and letting lots of people submit patches. By that definition, the JCP is certainly more cathedral-like than Linux.

    (Note that the cathedral/bazaar difference doesn't refer to free vs. non-free; the FSF's early free software was developed in a more of a cathedral model.)

    • stable system certainly doesn't emerge by a succession of miracles -- it emerges by a very clearly defined process

      Not necessarily so. Agile development is more akin to an evolutionary movement toward a stable state, as opposed to a clearly defined process. Users/developers play with and provide input/patches about successive versions of the application until the 'right' solution (in the practical, metaphysical, moral, and esthetic planes) jells into some form of stability - where changes then occur more

  • by Nijika ( 525558 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:05AM (#10888003) Homepage Journal
    I find when corporate CEOs openly attack the opposition it's from a position of fear and weakness more than anything. When you're attacked by your competitor, you're doing something right. Maybe I'm wrong, but I don't hear Jobs attacking Linux and it's in direct competition with OSX in the server market. What did he do instead? He embraces it. I'd love for Sun to enter the desktop market more like I think they want to, but they have to give up on the "let's replace MS" dream.
    • And when Linux-zealot Slashbots attack SCO and Microsoft, is that because of a position of fear and weakness too, or is there some magical reason why your generalization only applies to people you don't like?

      Jobs doesn't care that much about the server market, and he doesn't see Linux as a threat in either the consumer market (where it's Apple's hardware, not OS X, that makes the big money) or among creative professionals who aren't about to switch from Photoshop CS to the Gimp any time soon.

      Being attacke

      • "And when Linux-zealot Slashbots attack SCO and Microsoft, is that because of a position of fear and weakness too, or is there some magical reason why your generalization only applies to people you don't like?"

        No that's fear and weakness as well. I'll admit even to attacking MS because I fear that they'll steamroll any love of computing I have. They also suck for real, but I wouldn't attack so harshly if I didn't have to deal with Windows at every turn.

        You assumed I was leaving us out?

        "Jobs doesn't

      • And when Linux-zealot Slashbots attack SCO and Microsoft, is that because of a position of fear and weakness too, or is there some magical reason why your generalization only applies to people you don't like?

        Or how about when Linus attacks FreeBSD and HURD?
      • >> or is there some magical reason why your generalization only applies to people you don't like?

        Simple. We're better than them! :P

  • Seriously wrong ... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by gowen ( 141411 ) <gwowen@gmail.com> on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:05AM (#10888008) Homepage Journal
    Reason? If Linux users don't like the direction Linus decides to take, the code is there, and may be freely forked to provide a starting point for a new, different direction.

    If Java(tm) users don't like the direction Java(tm) is taking... Tough. They're stuck with it.
  • by taybin ( 622573 ) <taybin@tOOOaybin.com minus threevowels> on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:06AM (#10888012) Homepage
    Hasn't it mostly been agreed that the successful OS projects are those where there is a lead developer who steers the project?
  • by Trurl's Machine ( 651488 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:10AM (#10888046) Journal
    Frankly, I always hated the whole cathedral vs bazaar metaphor. I don't think it portrays well the virtues and faults of open source and proprietary software. I use proprietary software (MacOS + some closed apps) for the same reason I prefer to "dine out" rather than cook my own meals. I just want to choose something delicious from the restaurant's menu - and I don't care that my choices are limited. Yes, if you cook in your own kitchen, you can customize you meal the way you like it - as it is with open source software. But this will consume you a lot of time and effort, so most people would rather avoid it - unless they really enjoy cooking, have really to much spare time or are really short on cash. It's similar with Free Software - you use it if you really like to 'tinker' with everything or are really short on cash. But if you don't like the former and are not limited by latter, you will rather go to a store with proprietary solutions - where your choices are obviously limited, but you're saving time and effort. So I think restaurant vs kitchen is a better metaphor for proprietary vs free/open.
    • by awol ( 98751 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:27AM (#10888193) Journal
      I think your dining venue analogy is interesting, but flawed. The proprietary vs free issue is not about how the meal was prepared it is what you are entitled to do with it once you have it. In a proprietary restauraunt you must do with the meal what the chef said. If they demanded that you must have peas, potato and beef in each mouthful then that's what you must have. The fact that you have the capability to eat all your peas first and then do beef and mash together is irrelevant you must consume the meal as the seller intended and God forbid if you wanted to take any excess home!! In a free restaurant you would be entitled to enjoy the plate in front of you as you see fit. Sure you can take the chef's recommendation and indeed that recommendation may be valid but it is up to you. Alternatively, in a free restaurant all the meals come with the recipe so you can take it away with you and roll your own if you want to (replacing the nutmeg in the taters with the cinnamon you prefer).

      But the choice of consumption is the real distinction. Not that you get to roll your own (I only ever do that when I cannot get a package), but that once a particular meal has been delivered, the consumer has the unfettered right to consume it as they see fit, in whatever way they see fit.
    • Perfect!/

      New definition:
      Open Source Software purists -- people who have a haunting suspicion that someone somewhere could have spit in their salad.

    • yup. that works much better.
      We prefer to use open-source with the government because it is takes too long to order and pay for the restaurant food. :-)
      This metaphor also allows for all of the variations of using "pre-made" commercial libraries (like using Hamburger Helper) and hiring a chef to cater your party (hiring an open-source consultant to tailor the installation for you).
      Very nice.
    • Most of your post is nonsense, and I can't understand why it got modded +5 Interesting.

      It's similar with Free Software - you use it if you really like to 'tinker' with everything or are really short on cash. But if you don't like the former and are not limited by latter, you will rather go to a store with proprietary solutions - where your choices are obviously limited, but you're saving time and effort.

      With all due respect, screw you. I'm not that fond of tinkering, and I have plenty of cash, but I sur

    • The home cooking metaphor is pretty weak. If OSS was like home cooking, then people would only run software they wrote for themselves, and not give it away. Maybe commercial software is like a menu, but open-source is more like some sort of cook-out.
    • I understand that most people in this world would much prefer to have a prepacked piece of software that they don't have to fiddle with. They just want it to work, much like the restraunt analogy that you offered, where the restaurant patron would like to just order their food. This is a very valid analogy, for a completely different situation.

      It would be valid if open source software didn't, by and large, come pre-packaged so that it would work out of the box. It is definitely true that some of the kin

    • That's a nice metaphor too. However, it does not refer to the same things as Cathedral vs Bazaar. C&B is about the development process, not about the virtues of OSS in general.
  • (With apologies to Heinlein & Long)

    [The Bazaar model]

    is based on the assumption that a million men are wiser than one man. How's that again? I missed something.

    [The Cathedral model]

    is based on the assumption that one man is wiser than a million men. Let's play that over again, too. Who decides?

    R3

  • by igb ( 28052 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:14AM (#10888085)
    As the sainted Lindsay Marshall pointed out to ESR
    at a conference some years ago, cathedrals (which
    we know a bit about in Europe) weren't built like
    ESR thinks. They were built over the course of
    generations, by a sequence of random people, and
    if you had the money to put up (say) a side-chapel
    for your recently deceased son, you could do so.
    In that sense, they are precisely like Linux: a
    set of guiding lights, an overall architecture,
    and a framework into which anyone with time and
    money can put their additions. If you go to one
    of the larger, more complex cathedrals in Europe
    you'll see they changed massively in plan and
    intent over the some hundreds of years they took
    to build.

    ian
    • by ChaoticCoyote ( 195677 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:39AM (#10888285) Homepage

      I never have mod points when something *good* needs to be modded up.

      "igb" is correct; in fact, some cathedrals have never been finished, even though they are quite useful and beautiful! Antonio Gaudi's [semyan.com] La Sagrada Familia Cathedral [greatbuildings.com] in Barcelona is perhaps the perfect example of a fantastic structure that is taking centuries to construct!

      ESR should really spend some time understanding the foundations of his metaphors before building his arguments.

    • I live around 100 yard from Ripon Cathedral in England. It features every style of architecture from the 11th to 16th centuries, as it was extended and rebuilt in what was then the current style. The main tower has two rounded arches (north and west) and two pointed ones (east and south).

      I believe it's the only catherdral in the UK to feature all such braches of architecture.
      • The main tower has two rounded arches (north and west) and two pointed ones (east and south).

        The White House incorporated many different architectural styles as well, but it wasn't built over 6 centuries. (Every other window has either a rounded arch or pointed one over it, for example).
    • by Tet ( 2721 ) * <slashdot@astCHEE ... .co.uk minus cat> on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:55AM (#10889003) Homepage Journal
      As the sainted Lindsay Marshall pointed out to ESR at a conference some years ago, cathedrals (which we know a bit about in Europe) weren't built like ESR thinks. They were built over the course of generations, by a sequence of random people

      All of which is completely irrelevant, as ESR was discussing how they're run, not how they were built.

    • by mangu ( 126918 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:56AM (#10889024)
      The analogy to a cathedral doesn't refer to the amount of people or time it takes to build it. It refers to independent thinking or the absence of it. Tell me, where is the cathedral in Europe that has a jewish chapel? Or an altar dedicated to Satan? You could put anything in the medieval cathedrals in Europe if (1) your family was influential enough, (2) you paid for it whatever amount the church asked, and (3) it was done according to the church's specifications.


      In the same way, you can put additions in Microsoft Windows, or in Sun Java. But, in order to do so, you must be a big corporation, you must pay, and it must be done according to Microsoft's or Sun's specs.

  • Big difference... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Kjella ( 173770 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:15AM (#10888094) Homepage
    ...a cathedral is delivering the Holy Scripture down on people. While Linux may have some of the same structure, it is instead producing it downwards up. Each kernel dev contributes something that, if considered worthy, will be included in the Linux source tree.

    Linux is a cathedral only because people find it most effective. Why create conflict, just for the sake of having conflict? Nothing says Linux can't be "wrestled" from Linus' control, just like x.org took xfree, if he drives it in a direction people don't appriciate.

    If anything, this tells me that Linux developers very much agree on where Linux is going, unlike KDE/Gnome/Third party WM discussions, dozens of various frameworks and whatnot you see elsewhere in the OSS world.

    Kjella
  • Jcp is simply a steering committee. Churchs have steering comittes with ulitimately one person or a small group of people who will decide what happens. More importantly, nobody can grab the core code and do their own thing with it.
    With Linux, Anybody is free to grab the core code and do what ever they want. More importantly, there are already several versions. Linus has his version and other major developers have theirs. Some distros even distribute none Linus versions.
    So no, Linux really is the bazaar.

  • Taste your own bitter medicine Taco! ;)

  • A Camel... (Score:4, Funny)

    by BJZQ8 ( 644168 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:23AM (#10888144) Homepage Journal
    A camel is a horse designed by a committee
  • ...but JDK 1.4 certainly had a lot of duplicate code [sourceforge.net].
  • If by cathedral they mean one person (or a small tightly controlled group) making the decisions to what goes in and bazaar as in the community making the decisions then I'd say nothing is quite as clear cut.

    For a project to be successful you need tight leadership and the ability to say no, but still to have a sense of community and take the best of the feedback from them. The intention of Firefox was to follow the tight leadership route while still building a community which seems to have worked well. They
  • Pot? Kettle calling. Black, black I say! Black!
  • - Ha Ha! I am the Bazaar and you are the Catherdral.

    - Neh uh. I am the Bazaar and you are the Catherdral.

    What is wrong with the Catherdral Model and what is so cool about the Bazaar Model. They both have there advantages and disavantage.

    These terms are actually both wrong to explain both methods and the Bazaar and the Catherdral models are gross generalizations.

    Most Bazaars have someone in charge of it who can make the decision on who can open up shop and who cannot. It may be a group of people or just
  • "J2EE [artima.com]as a fear-driven technology choice made by higher powers"


    Whatever the claims about "Community Process", Sun runs Java and Scott McNealy runs Sun when it really comes down to it. I would suggest asking long term Sun folks(the folks that built that company and were there over 15 year ago) what they really think of that means of governance.

    • Re:What Java is (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Teckla ( 630646 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:21AM (#10888687)

      Whatever the claims about "Community Process", Sun runs Java and Scott McNealy runs Sun when it really comes down to it. I would suggest asking long term Sun folks(the folks that built that company and were there over 15 year ago) what they really think of that means of governance.

      Say what you will about Java and Sun, but here's how I see things:

      I'm much more productive writing Java code than C or C++ code, at least for the kinds of applications I build.

      Java is well supported. Most often, how well a language is supported is just as important as how good the language itself is.

      Sun has done an excellent job listening to the community and making sure Java continues to grow.

      Java is perhaps the only serious competitor to Microsoft's .NET, and in my opinion, if .NET "wins", we all lose.

      Suggesting that Scott McNealy has some kind of low level control over Java's growth is ridiculous.

      All in all, I would say Java is an excellent technology with a bright future, and to fear it because "OMG OMG, evil dumb stupid Scott McNealy controls Java, OMG OMG, it sux0rz, it's proprietary, run for the hills!" is foolish.

  • Category mistake (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Aim Here ( 765712 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:27AM (#10888190)
    Linux is developed the way it is because it works, after a fashion.
    Java is developed the way it is because it works, after a fashion.
    Now which method is better is impossinle to tell since Java and Linux do very different things.
    If they were both operating systems, you might compare with a bunch of benchmarks, like number of computers installed with it, market share, job vacancies administrating it, whatever, and draw some conclusions. But they're not, so you can't.
    This is a bit like saying my way of making ice cream is better than your way of making sports cars.

    Perhaps Schwarz should put out the new open source Solaris' with his preferred bazaar-like development model and show Linus and the rest of us how it's done.
  • Misapprehension (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Dirtside ( 91468 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:31AM (#10888218) Journal
    The individual kernel project run by Linus might be cathedral-like, but Linux (and free software projects in general) are not. Actually, most free software projects, insofar as they retain an identity, are cathedral like: go to any random project on Sourceforge, and there's essentially no chance that you can commit changes to the codebase without approval from one of the project runners.

    To analogize it to the proverbial bazaar, it's like noticing that each individual shop is run with an iron fist by its owner, and then claiming that the whole bazaar is a cathedral because each owner doesn't let his shop be run by any random Joe who comes along.

    Yes, Linus manages his shop (project) with an iron fist, but anyone can take the kernel and set up their own shop (project) next door. That's still following the bazaar model.

    Being both familiar with Linux and Java, let me propose a different analogy: Linux is like being caressed by milky-skinned maidens, and Java is like being kicked in the nuts by a Visigoth.
  • by Kunta Kinte ( 323399 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @10:56AM (#10888434) Journal

    It all comes down to community involvement. And both Linux and Java communities do a very good job at that.

    Btw...

    Have you ever wondered what would have happened if a more organizationally-minded person ran the kernel development?

    Linus is very authoritative, and has yet to form an official public community/legal entity that develops and protects the kernel in the 10 year+ that he has been doing it.

    What happens if he gets hit by a bus?

    Heck what happens today when large factions of kernel developers disagree with him? ( Kernel debugger )

    I am not saying Linus is doing a bad job; but couldn't the Linux kernel as an organization be a lot further than it is today?

    • What happens if he gets hit by a bus?

      Then one of the other major kernel developers will take it over. This has in fact already happened (control being turned over, not Linus getting hit by a bus).

      Heck what happens today when large factions of kernel developers disagree with him? ( Kernel debugger )

      If a large fraction of the kernel developers have a fundamental disagreement with Linus, then they'll fork the kernel and maintain their own. This in fact happens fairly regularly, as with the -mm kernels i

    • Linus is very authoritative, and has yet to form an official public community/legal entity that develops and protects the kernel in the 10 year+ that he has been doing it.

      Like OSDL? It doesn't get much more official than that.

      What happens if he gets hit by a bus?

      The succession has been arranged, but it's based on people, not organizations, since the Linux community is based on personal respect, not respect for an organization.
    • by iabervon ( 1971 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @12:36PM (#10889464) Homepage Journal
      If Linus gets hit by a bus, probably Alan Cox would take over, because he's pretty easy to get to agree to do things. Alternatively, Marcelo could take over 2.6 and work with Andrew Morton on it.

      What happens today when large factions of kernel developers disagree with Linus is that they share their patches with each other. The offical development series (-mm), where most debugging gets done, has included kgdb for ages. Especially with things that aren't important to end users, there's no need to convince Linus in order to have something in common use.

      The thing that really makes Linux development work is that it's not done by committee, and it's not really done with a single authority. Everybody who's working on it really does have their own version, and they're just close enough together that they can trade their work back and forth. In fact, the point of the new development process (i.e., trying not to fork 2.7) is to have all of the trees with current development stay close enough that stuff is shared throughout, rather than splitting into 2.6 and 2.8 regions with slow transit between them.

      I can't think of any project which is run as effectively as Linux in terms of getting changes from concept to patch to testing to official while simultaneously keeping out things which are not ready for general use and making them available to people who want them anyway. For example, the process of making Linux suitable for audio editting (which requires some processes to have predictably low latency) is still in progress, because the current versions mess up performance on other systems, have maintainability issues, etc. But people who want to actually do audio editting with Linux just use a tree that has the current version of these changes, rather than Linus's kernel. As the changes get reworked to be suitable for general inclusion, the patches get smaller, and the mainline will eventually have the necessary characteristics.
  • by tod_miller ( 792541 ) on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:38AM (#10888810) Journal
    Of that pony-tailed oik Schwartz.

    He is such a jack-off it makes me think that he is an industry sleeper - someone sent to destroy all credibility of Sun.

    M$ has thier own monkey boy, a semi-self-styled nut who says anything he wants, and M$ quizzically apologises for him, and does that half eye roll, well he is nuttier than squirrel shit look and hopefully get away with it.

    What the fuck are they trying to prove, Linux is an OS, Java is a devleopment platform, what is the point all this rhetorical FUD? Does it make sense man?

    I think not. Now to compound matters the sub blurb on this book is:

    Musings of open source blah blah by an accidental revolutionary.

    WTF? WHO-TF more like... Also, he is a gun nut. Just what we need. ITS GNU NOT GUN you nozz.

    http://www.catb.org/~esr/guns/.

    Did this make sense to anybody else? Is this Sun's take of M$ OS costs more? Is it just my sugar deprived brain thinking this is all too wierd?

  • by jg21 ( 677801 ) * on Monday November 22, 2004 @11:42AM (#10888852)
    Eric S. Raymond has just responded [linuxworld.com] to Sun's Jonathan Schwartz and he says, among other things "any time [Sun] try to use my work to justify retaining proprietary control or argue that Linux is somehow less open, that's either culpable stupidity or dishonesty and they should expect to get kicked in the teeth for it by the entire open-source community, starting with me."
    • The reason people get confused about the Cathedral and the Bazaar, and why Schwartz isn't the first to consider Linux pretty cathedral like, is that the way real cathedrals were generally built pretty closely followed ESR's "bazaar" metaphor, with thousands of just-ordinary-folks with a huge variety of skills popping in to do their part. The architect/builder (or builders, for many cathedrals took generations to reach their final form) had far less control over the implementation than Linus does.

      Eric really needs to take a step or two back and ask if he really said what he thought he said.
  • by runderwo ( 609077 ) * <runderwo.mail@win@org> on Monday November 22, 2004 @12:05PM (#10889133)
    On the one hand, Sun says their Java development process is the best way to go, because they maintain strict top-down control over it, and forking is disallowed. Then they paint this same picture of Linus's kernel tree to misrepresent all of Linux development, and somehow conclude that approach is bad.

    Which is it, guys? You can't have it both ways.

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