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Malware Modification Contest Has Antivirus Vendors Upset

Posted by Soulskill on Sun Apr 27, 2008 01:07 PM
from the would-you-like-a-tissue dept.
SkiifGeek writes "Race to Zero, a sideline competition being set up at this year's DefCon, already has some Antivirus vendors steaming over the objectives of the contest. They are upset because it is essentially a polymorphism exercise. Entrants are given a set of malware samples which they must then modify to pass through a battery of antivirus scanners without detection while still carrying a viable payload. Even if competitors ignore the published vulnerabilities and weaknesses affecting antivirus vendors, the competition should turn up some interesting results. It may provide technical insight and concepts for further research as similar competitions have done in the past."
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  • Oh no! (Score:5, Insightful)

    by i_liek_turtles (1110703) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:11PM (#23215170)
    We may have to fix our software!
  • by FlyByPC (841016) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:12PM (#23215180) Homepage
    By having some top-notch creative talent (never mind which color hat they're wearing) take a stab at creating new styles of malware under controlled conditions, they're giving the antivirus vendors a great opportunity to study these creations -- and therefore to be better able to protect against them.

    Heck, if I were Symantec, McAffee et al -- I'd take the opportunity to try to *recruit* programmers who had interesting entries in the contest! (Better to have them working for you, right?)
    • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:21PM (#23215252)
      The antivirus vendors are in business to make money. Every one of these issues they have to deal with equates to lost money.
      • by Zero__Kelvin (151819) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:36PM (#23215350) Homepage

        "The antivirus vendors are in business to make money. Every one of these issues they have to deal with equates to lost money."
        Exactly right, if you don't count that you have it backwards. Lets start with the edge case 0. If there are Zero viruses, there is no need for the AV software. In fact, within reason the more viruses out there, the more money they make! If viruses are not even a blip on the radar when I do my security landscape evaluation, then the AV companies make no money because I would not purchase their product. If there are many viruses, then an AV company can sit back and wait for others (security folks, e.g.) to justify the purchase of my product. I don't even need a sales force. True, it cost me more to have in house peons gather virus signatures and add them to my database, or add algorithms to my AV tools, but since I don't have to pay nearly as much for a sales force more viruses equals greater profits.

        • by zwei2stein (782480) on Sunday April 27 2008, @03:01PM (#23216108) Homepage
          Exactly right, except you forgot one thing:

          They dont need actually viruses and malware, they just need people (and businesses) to be afraid of them enough to consider them treat.

          All you have to give to people is feeling of security and to make them think that you can shield them from any nasty stuff they might have heard on TV. And people are easily scared because they in general know little about computers.

          People are scared and they get AVs (or careless and they wouldnt get AV even if there was billion of virii), so you fight for market share rather than install.

          And your only feature you are ging to sell to those people is confidence of unpenetrable shield.

          So yeah, AV companies do want perception of threat high and actually threat low. Thats when they make most money.

          Every reall threat costs them money, Every imaginary threat makes them money.
        • by gbjbaanb (229885) on Sunday April 27 2008, @03:08PM (#23216148)
          not really. Once the AV company has enough viruses in the wild to persuade you to buy their product, all the viruses past that point is just a costly nuisance to them.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Writing software is an investment. You put money in, you get money back. This contest DOES require them to put more money in, but they will get more money BACK. It's "forced investment". Now if you'd rather write a piece of software and then spend the next 6 years merely putting out new-os-compatibility updates, (and how many of those have we seen? many!) you will fall behind, and no one will care about upgrading to version 7 because there's nothing in 7 that their version 5 can't already do, and your
    • by moosesocks (264553) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:48PM (#23215482) Homepage
      Because polymorphism is considerably easier to implement than it is to circumvent (if it's even possible at all).

      Essentially, this punches a huge hole in the security model of Norton and McAfee's product lines, rendering them completely ineffective against this sort of threat.

      Personally, I've always found it remarkable that they've managed to hold on as long as they have, given just how deeply flawed the very notion of an Antivirus is.

      As long as you've got a decently secure operating system, nothing more than a rudimentary antivirus should be necessary.
      • by GIL_Dude (850471) on Sunday April 27 2008, @02:00PM (#23215586) Homepage
        Sorry, the OS doesn't really make any difference (assuming you have a firewall - which all current operating systems do - to protect against buffer overflows found on inbound ports). What makes the difference is secure users.

        I don't care how secure your OS is, if users are going to click on SomeFamousPersonNaked.exe , then they are going to eventually get owned - "secure" OS or not. We've all heard the "Linux doesn't get attacked much because it has an insignificant market share" and sort of argued around it - maybe the real one is "Linux doesn't get attacked much because the average Linux user knows enough to not click on ridiculous shit that gets emailed to them."

        I run both Windows and Linux and the only time I have had a AV product tell me "oh noes, there is a virus" is when I have been manually TRYING to infect a system in order to reverse engineer what the damn thing does (in order to create cleanup packages for work). These are in non-networked VM's where we also re-image the host afterwards. But really - a secure USER is what we need. The OS won't make all that much difference compared to the user.
        • Not on Linux. (Score:4, Interesting)

          by SanityInAnarchy (655584) <ninja@slaphack.com> on Sunday April 27 2008, @02:39PM (#23215932) Journal
          You're right that it's about secure users, but it's much easier to be a secure user on Linux, precisely because you would never download foo.exe -- or foo.sh, or whatever. For the most part, you get things through your package manager, or not at all.

          As such, it is not particularly easy to download and run SomeFamousPersonNaked.bin -- you have to download it to somewhere, then you have to change its permissions, and then you have to run it -- and even then, they still don't have root.

          However, for a very long time, an antivirus actually made some sort of sense on Windows, because you would have exploits from visiting a webpage or reading an email. You actually had a situation where the most security-conscious users would never use the Preview Pane, so that they could delete suspicious emails without looking at them. In that particular kind of insane world, it makes sense to have antivirus -- and that is precisely why antivirus seems so laughable now.
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          We've all heard the "Linux doesn't get attacked much because it has an insignificant market share" and sort of argued around it - maybe the real one is "Linux doesn't get attacked much because the average Linux user knows enough to not click on ridiculous shit that gets emailed to them."

          Which would put a very low upper limit on Linux's market share. The way Linux saves the noobs is that you don't do it in the first place, you go to add/remove programs and find the software you want there. The way Linux saves the warez-wannabes is that Linux doesn't need cracks. I'm sure that if Linux became more mainstream with more commercial software, you could have trusted shops that you could add in the same way as repositories. Think something like tucows, cnet, snapfiles etc. only for Linux. Basicly

          • by Jurily (900488) <jurily@NoSpAm.gmail.com> on Sunday April 27 2008, @02:38PM (#23215926)
            I was going to moderate, but I can't let this one slide.

            normal users don't run with the sort of privileges that would allow the virus (or trojan as in your example) to do very much damage or replicate itself.
            A normal user has access to the network and a home directory. How is that not enough for a virus?

            Sure, it can't burn itself into the registry or equivalent, but it sure as hell can replicate itself. Hell, it can even cause a lot of headaches when you're lazy like me and have a whole drive mounted in /home/jurily/stuff with full write access.

            Trojans are a different beast, of course, as they rely on the OS more heavily.
          • Linux and MacOS do not get attacked, because normal users don't run with the sort of privileges that would allow the virus (or trojan as in your example) to do very much damage or replicate itself.

            WTF? Any program I run has +rw access to ~ (can start itself from .profile, do arbitrary damage to all the files I actually care about, and steal passwords and the like) and the ability to connect(2) to random parts of the internet (ability to replicate, send passwords, and fetch ads). No privileges beyond this are needed to cause trouble.

            The real reason is probably more to do with the size and average competency of the userbase.

              • by DrYak (748999) on Sunday April 27 2008, @08:15PM (#23218222) Homepage

                There's not need for elevated permissions.

                No there is need. Under Linux a non privileged software has only access to high-level network access, such as opening a regular connection. There's no low-level access to network (crafting the data packets as wished) for non privileged software.

                Thus a potential running virus, *COULD* connect to its C&C if it receives its orders from an IRC channel.
                But the virus won't be able to create spoofed packets (used for sophisticated bounces and DDOS) or specially crafted packets to exploit flaws on the target system.
                Whereas under Windows, non-privileged applications CAN craft packets, and users run as administrators anyway.

                A non privileged process CAN download Ads from the internet, but it will have a harder time injecting them into the browser window.
                An admin-privileged process in Windows could hijack the network stack and rewrite HTML on the fly inserting pop-ups and ads.
                Under a non-privileged account in Linux, it can't. The virus will need instead to be able to rewrite the configuration of all gazillion of browser that exist in Linux, either injecting a spyware plugin or rerouting the traffic through a proxy process spawned by the virus. Anyway, the absence of a single point of attack, and the lack of monoculture make Linux a more complicated target.

                Also, few user-friendly type distros (Ubuntu and the like) come with a sendmail (or equivalent) configured out-of-the-box for internet message delivery. Usually it's only configured to deliver alerts to the local user account.
                A potential operational Spam bot would either have to send directly the spam to the internet and both hope that the network isn't configured to reject email not going out through the SMTP server and hope that the infected machine doesn't sit on a dynamic IP which will automatically get discarded on the receiving machine.
                Or the potential Spam Bot will need additional complexity to retrieve the user's SMTP configuration, which will be difficult, both because there's a gazillion of different mail clients under linux, and both because several of them password-encrypt the credential (Thunderbird can do it and all KDE software store their passwords in KWallet which is masterpassword-encrypted by default).
                This is security by diversity, and why it's good to avoid monocultures.
                This is opposed to Windows, where most users have outlook express, which lacks the ability to encrypt the credentials.

                Under Linux, it takes several step to execute code downloaded from a browser, as a reference, see the HOWTOs about downloading the latest GPU drivers straigth from the constructor site instead of using whatever is the regular package management/delivery mechanism used by the distro (you have to manually chmod it "executable". Clicking on it usually opens an editor).
                And that's neglecting that it is possible to "noexec" the whole home, in which case it's not even possible to *run* code from ~.
                So even if he wanted to, a linux user can't just click on "NataliePortmanNaked.sh" and execute it (unless its a regular package inside Synaptic or YaST, of course) whereas a Windows user can click on "PetrifiedWithHotGrits.exe".

                Also, downloading software from random websites isn't as common in Linux as in Windows. Mostly only geeks download software for Linux and usually they download it in (controllable) source form, where anomalies could more easily get spotted.
                The regular user will employ the package management system for the distro to get the needed package from the regular repository instead, as because of the diversity of Linux distros, he'll need a custom compiled packagee for the present distro,
                ie.: Windows wanting kitten-powered screensaver will google around to find a page proposing some spyware infested screensaver. Anyone can download, but you *need* to be computer-literate and careful about your source to *avoid* getting undesired stuff.

                The Linux users will browser Synaptic and download the package "omg-lol-ponie

    • By having some top-notch creative talent (never mind which color hat they're wearing) take a stab at creating new styles of malware under controlled conditions, they're giving the antivirus vendors a great opportunity to study these creations -- and therefore to be better able to protect against them.

      But what if what the antivirus vendors need is not time to study but time to come up with cures? I've worked on plenty of software where the problem was well-understood, but you could be so pestered to death by people trying to tell you there was a problem that you had no time left to work on a cure.

      I don't follow this community closely, but speaking from general knowledge of software projects over several decades ...

      It seems likely that these competitions do not teach the antivirus vendors what they don't know. It probably creates a firedrill internally where a long-range effort to do a substantive upgrade that would do what people wish for is side-tracked by a short-term need to make sure that people's machines are not broken into by a new stupid trick today, thanks to additional resources provided by well-meaning but "mal-informed" volunteers.

      Resources are always in short supply in companies, and there's a constant need to triage between short-term and long-term planning. Events like this increase the stress on short-term projects, causing them to draw precious resources away from long-term projects. The claim that this provides valuable data to the vendors sounds like spin created by malware vendors who are chuckling all the way to the bank because they get free help from a community of people who I suspect don't realize the harm they are doing.

      What they should be having is competitive events to come up with cool public-domain techniques for recognizing and stopping such malware in the general cases, thus reducing short-term strain on anti-virus vendors.

  • by zappepcs (820751) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:20PM (#23215242) Journal
    What would happen if Ralph got involved in the computer antivirus field?

    lets translate FTFA

    "It will do more harm than good to our company," said Paul Ferguson, a researcher with antivirus vendor TrendMicro. "Responsible disclosure is one thing, but now actually encouraging people to do this (as if the NSA isn't already doing so), as a contest is a little over the top.When really smart people start working on malicious software, we won't be able to keep up"
    Bold edits added by me.

    How about this slogan "Unsafe with any version!"

    I think they are afraid that regular joe end users are about to find out that programs meant to protect your pc are always an after the fact effort which leaves you vulnerable until you update and that there is no way to keep you safe from a zero-day facebook exploit. Even the government websites can be malicious until patched/fixed.

    And soon, the conclusion will be ... uh, why pay for that. Spybot search and destroy is free, and ClamAV is free. I can just give them a one time donation and get just as good of protection... hmmmm These pricey programs really can't do all that much.

    Wow, it would be such a shame if joe bloggs end user found out the truth. tisk tisk
  • by Fallen Andy (795676) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:28PM (#23215302)
    If this is being run like the hacking laptops thing recently, then what's the big deal? So long as the vulnerabilities are only disclosed to *all* AV vendors in private afterwards...

    The AV vendors who are complaining are more afraid of *other* vendors than xploits... If anything found here goes to all then it levels the playing field open source style...

    Andy

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      The fear they have is that people will realize how useless anti-virus software really is. If there are simple techniques to get around any anti-virus software, and the whole world knows it, then there's not much point in paying to run some AV software that just slows down your computer, is there? Already we know that AV software is useless against 0-day exploits, and if your vendor is making reasonably timed updates, your AV software only has nominal value anyway.

      This contest will just go a little farth
  • Trivial (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Nikademus (631739) * <renaud@llo3.14rien.org minus pi> on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:40PM (#23215396) Homepage
    Bypassing current antivirus process is almost trivial. Just change a few lines and the signature based antivirus will not detect your virus. Now, create a process that automatically changes the few lines in a random order, but create this process as a random evolving like the virus and payload itself. Random jumps (with next payload at good place) with random junk in between should be sufficient to bypass heuristics (who said goto was dead :)). Then you've just killed the whole antivirus industry as we know today.

    Hey,why are the cops ringing at my door???
  • by flyingfsck (986395) on Sunday April 27 2008, @01:50PM (#23215490)
    The present crop of virus scanners are a really dumb idea, since they don't provide any real protection. Consequently I am all for this kind of competition. Hopefully it will force Microsoft and the AV parasites to create a proper security solution for the MS crapware.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Like Default Deny [ranum.com]. Marcus Ranum is my hero. ;-)
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          Well, the idea of Default Deny makes perfect sense to me. Tell the OS which programs are allowed to run, and notify me if something I have not explicitly allowed tries to execute, wherein I can take the opportunity to allow it or not. I run a total of a couple dozen programs, grand total, so it wouldn't be hard to get a system up and running after a new install.

          Since you seem to be a security expert in your own right, beyond anything Marcus have ever done, feel free to explain why this basic idea will not w